Verb with subject
| (20) adam çalιş-ιyor — adam-lar çalιş-ιyor-lar |
| TUR man work-PRS – man-PL work-PRS-PL |
| "the man works" – "the men work"(cf. Wendt 1972:56) |
| (21) žurnal gorel (m) — kniga gorela (f) — pis'mo gorelo (n) — knigi goreli |
| RUS "the journal burnt" – "the book burnt" – "the letter burnt" – "the books burnt" |
Verb with direct object
| (22) a) au ome-si-a i noni. |
| ARO SBJ.1.SG see-TR-OBJ.3.SG NTOP man |
| "I see the man." |
| b) iraau na mwani noni rau ome-si-'ii mwani haka. |
| they TOP PL man SBJ.3.PL see-TR-OBJ.3.PL NTOP PL ship |
| "The men see the ships."(Capell 1971:67) |
| (23) a) Ni-li-mw-ona m-toto. |
| SWA SBJ.1.SG-PRT-OBJ.CL1-see CL1-child |
| "I saw the/a child." |
| b) Ni-li-ki-ona ki-tabu. |
| SBJ.1.SG-PRT-OBJ.CL7-see CL7-book |
| "I saw the book." |
Verb with indirect object
| (24) ni-k zu-ri liburu-a da-kar-kizu-t. |
| BAS I-ERG you-DAT book-DE F ABS.3.SG-carry-DAT.2.SG-E RG.1.SG |
| "I bring you the book."(Biermann 1980:9) |
| (25) (sarà) a-x°əč'-k°à a-š°q°'-k°à Ø-rə̀-s-to-yt'. |
| ABK I ART-child-PL ART-book-PL ABS.3-DAT.3.PL-ERG.1.SG-give.DYN-FIN |
| "I give the books to the children." (Hewitt 1979:105) |
Verb with other arguments
| (26) a-žaħ°à s-a+la-yə̀-sə-yt'. |
| ABK ART-hammer ABS.1.SG - OBL.3.SG.NHUM+with - IO.3.SG.HUM.M -hit-FIN |
| "I hit him with the/a hammer." (Hewitt 1979:114) |
| (27) ku-le m-ji-ni ku-me-ugua wa-tu wengi. |
| SWA CL17-D3 CL3-village-LOC CL17-PRF-fall.ill CL2-man CL2:many |
| "In the town many people are ill."(Polomé 1967:160) |
no separate agreement slot for such adverbials
Auxiliary verb with arguments
| (28) Aurr-a-k gizon-a-ri liburu-a eman di-o. |
| BAS child-DEF-ERG man-DEF-DAT book-DEF given ABS.3.SG:AUX-DAT.3.SG(ERG.3.SG) |
| "The child gave the man the book." |
| (29) ŋatjulu-ḷu kapi-na-ŋku kanṭa punta-ni njuntu-ku. |
| WAL I-ERG FUT-SBJ.1-OBJ.2 woman take-NPAST you-DAT |
| "I will take the woman from you."(Hale 1973:334) |
Nominal predicate
| (30) Mors certa (f), hora incerta (f). |
| LAT "Death is certain, the hour is uncertain." |
| (31) a) Homo (m) homini lupus (m). |
| LAT "Man is a wolf to man." (Hobbes) |
| b) Bellum (n) pater (m) omnium. |
| "War is the father of all things." (Heraclitus) |
| c) Quod (n.sg.) fuimus lauda, si iam damnas quod sumus! |
| "Praise what we were, if you condemn what we are!" (Phaedr. 5, 10, 9) |
| (32) a) estque aliud iracundum (acc.m.) esse, aliud iratum (acc.m.) (Cic.Tu.4, 27) |
| LAT "It is one thing to be irascible, another thing to be angry." |
| b) sentiri ... putat ... nivem esse albam (acc.f.) (Cic.fi. I 30) |
| "He believes it can be sensed that snow is white." |
| c) quieto (dat.m.) tibi licet esse (Pl.Ep. 338) |
| "You may be quiet." |